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Milk is made up of many proteins; a major group is casein. One subtype is beta-casein. EatingWell+1
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There are different genetic variants of beta-casein in cows, notably A1 and A2. Wikipedia
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“A2 cow milk” refers to cow’s milk that contains only the A2 beta-casein variant, rather than the A1 variant or a mixture of A1 + A2. Alexandre Family Farm+1
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Regular commercial cow milk often contains both A1 and A2 variants (or mostly A1 in many breeds).
💡 Why people choose it
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Some individuals report that they tolerate A2-only milk better: less bloating, less digestive discomfort. The hypothesis: milk containing A1 beta-casein may release a peptide called β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) during digestion, which might affect some people’s digestion.
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The nutritional content (protein, calcium, vitamins) of A2 milk is essentially the same as regular cow’s milk, since only the variant of the casein protein differs.
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In India and some other markets, “desi cow” or indigenous breeds (which naturally tend to have A2 variants) are being marketed for this reason
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